METAL MINING DISCHARGES - IMPACTS AND CONTROL

by Dr. Frances P. Solomon

Course Presenters Schedule General information

Dr. Frances P. Solomon

5805 16th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA  98105
(206) 522-6441  fsolomon@interchange.ubc.ca

EDUCATION

Ph.D.   Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (1980)
M.S.     Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (1974)
M.S.     Library Science, Simmons College, Boston, MA (1968)
B.A.     Biology (with Chemistry minor), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (1966)

AREAS OF EXPERTISE

• toxicology – impacts of toxic chemicals on aquatic ecosystems and human health
• water quality
• salmon biology
• limnology, freshwater ecology, and marine ecology
• environmental planning

EXPERIENCE SUMMARY

Dr. Solomon has 27 years of experience leading and collaborating with interdisciplinary teams to plan, manage, and implement environmental projects in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S.  This includes gathering and applying scientific information on water quality, sediment chemistry, and biota in urban bays, rivers, streams, and lakes, and developing and implementing action plans to prevent and reduce pollution and to protect and restore healthy habitat. She has performed research on the effects of pollutants on fish development and metabolism. Dr. Solomon has developed and taught environmental science courses at the University of British Columbia, the University of Washington, and Northwest University (Xi’an, China), and has delivered guest lectures and led field trips at the University of Washington and Antioch University.  In addition to university teaching, she has served as an expert witness and has given numerous presentations on Puget Sound environmental issues to K-12 classes, adult community groups, and elected officials.  She mentors other environmental scientists and university students.

Dr. Solomon has published over 25 articles and technical reports, has given numerous conference presentations including as the keynote speaker, and has participated in planning 16 professional conferences.  She reviews articles submitted for publication to environmental journals, as well as  fellowship and scholarship applications from university students. She is a Past-President and current member of the American Water Resources Association (AWRA), Washington Section, and is a Past-President and current long-time Board member of the Association for Women in Science (AWIS), Seattle chapter as well as a current Board member of National AWIS.

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Adjunct Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (2007)
Developed and continue to teach “Impacts of Metals on Aquatic Ecosystems and Human Health”
course to graduate and senior undergraduate mining engineering students, and three-day version of
course to mining industry professionals.  Developed online course (http://www.edumine.com).

Guest Lecturer, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ( 2006-2007)
Lectured on water quality, and designed and led field trip for “Humans in the Environment”course
for undergraduate students from Keio University in Tokyo, Japan.  

Lecturer, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA (2006)
Developed and taught “Biology, History, and Politics of Salmon in the Pacific Northwest” course
to upper division undergraduate and graduate students of diverse majors.

Guest Lecturer, Antioch University, Seattle, WA ( 2005)
Designed and led limnology field trip for graduate level environmental science class.

Visiting Professor, Northwest University, Xi’an, China ( 2004)
Developed and taught “Ecology, Urban Environment, and Environmental Assessment” course to third-year undergraduate environmental science and environmental engineering majors. Reviewed and edited journal articles written by Department of Environmental Science colleagues. Delivered guest lecture on petroleum chemistry, biological impacts of oil spills, and microbial bioremedia- tion to environmental geology class.

Guest Lecturer, Bellevue Community College, Bellevue, WA (1989-1992)
Delivered guest lectures to Puget Sound Ecology class, based on experience identifying water quality and contaminated sediment problems in Puget Sound urban bays and developing and im- plementing action plans to address these problems.
 
Predoctoral Lecturer, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (1974-1980)
Delivered lectures, advised and tutored individual students, invited guest speakers, and graded papers for fisheries and health science classes.   

Tutor, Ethnic Cultural Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (1974)
Tutored diverse populations of undergraduate students in biology and chemistry.

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Preventing and Controlling Pollution in Urban Bays of Puget Sound, WA, invited keynote address at “Interdisciplinary Student Research Symposium: Featuring Research about the Ballona Wetlands,” Loyola Marymount University, Frank R. Seaver College of Science and Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, October 26, 2007.

Impacts of Metals on Aquatic Ecosystems and Human Health, invited seminar at King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA, October 17, 2007.

My Career Path as an Environmental Scientist, invited plenary session presentation at “Women in Bioscience Conference,” La Jolla, CA, May 19, 2007.

Water Quality Near Agricultural Land in the Snoqualmie Watershed, King County, WA, platform presentation at the “2006 International Conference on The Future of  Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability,” Sacramento, CA, August 7-9, 2006.

Quality Assurance Project Plan Development, training presented at Washington Association of Conservation District Employees Annual Meeting, Leavenworth, WA, June 19-21, 2006.

Water Resources Issues in China, platform presentation at National AWRA Conference, Seattle, WA, November 2005; lecture to the University of Washington AWRA student chapter, Seattle, WA, November 2004

A Summer of Learning: Teaching Environmental Science and Living in China, lecture to the AWIS Seattle chapter, Seattle, WA, October 2004

Family Planning and Environmental Protection: Impacts of Human Population Growth on Salmon Habitat, panel speaker at Planned Parenthood of Western Washington/Planet Northwest Forum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, November 2003

Snoqualmie Watershed Aquatic Habitat Conditions, platform presentation at King County Water and Land Resources Division Science Seminar, Seattle, WA, May 2003

Historic Habitat Conditions in the Snoqualmie River Valley, presentation to the Snohomish River Basin Salmonid Recovery Technical Committee, Mill Creek, WA, October 2002

Careers in Environmental Science, panelspeaker at University of Washington Women in Science and Engineering Program conferences, Seattle, WA, April 2000, April 2004, and April 2005

Endangered Species Act and Causes of Salmon Habitat Degradation, presentations to Trout Unlimited, Boys and Girls Club, and Women’s Transportation Seminar, Seattle, WA, 1999

Impacts of Proposed Public Powerboat Launch on Water Quality and Beneficial Uses of Bead Lake, Pend Oreille County, Washington, expert witnesstestimony before State of Washington Shorelines Hearing Board, Spokane, WA, October 1997

Marine Ecology Field Workshop, developed and led hands-on workshop for 20 middle school girls at Patsy Collins Adventure in Leadership for Girls of Promise summer camp, Orcas Island, WA, August 1997

Cottage Lake Management Plan, presentation at public meeting, Woodinville, WA, October 1995

Water Quality and Contaminated Sediment Problems in Sinclair and Dyes Inlets, presentations to Kitsap Diving Association and Kitsap Audubon Society, Port Orchard, WA, 1991-1992

A Successful Approach to Point and Nonpoint Water Pollution Control: The Urban Bay
Action Program, poster presentation at “Puget Sound Research ‘91,” Seattle, WA, January 1991.

Water Pollution Prevention and Control, presentations to grade school classes in Bremerton, Woodinville, and Seattle, WA, 1990-1994

Dyes Inlet Ecology and Water Quality, developed and taught classes for adult volunteers in Kitsap Water Watchers, a hands-on water quality monitoring and pollution prevention program, Silverdale, WA, 1990-1993

Sinclair and Dyes Inlets Action Plan, presentations at public meeting, Bremerton, WA, April 1990 and at press conference, Bremerton, WA, October 1990

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contamination of Crayfish and Finfish in Lake Union. platform presentation at “First Annual Meeting on Puget Sound Research,” Seattle, WA, March 1988

Lake Union Action Plan, Sinclair and Dyes Inlets Action Plan, Salmon Recovery in the Snoqualmie Watershed, numerous presentations to elected officials in Seattle, King County, Bremerton, Port Orchard, Kitsap County, Snohomish County, Snoqualmie Watershed Forum, and Snohomish Basin Salmonid Recovery Forum, 1988-2004

Lake Union Action Plan, presentation to Eastlake Community Council, Seattle, WA, March 1987

Careers in Environmental Science, keynote speaker at Expanding Your Horizons (science career exploration conference for middle and high school girls), Renton, WA, April 1990; panel speaker at several Expanding Your Horizons conferences  in the Seattle area from 1986-2000

Developmental Toxicity of Four Model Alkylating Agents on Japanese Medaka Fish (Oryzias
latipes) Embryos, poster presentation at Society of Toxicology National Conference, San Diego,
CA, March 1985

Toastmasters Speeches, completed all speech requirements in Competent Toastmaster (CTM) and Able Toastmaster (ATM) categories, 1984-1985, 1987-1988, 1998-2006.

Biological Impacts of Oil Spills, expert witness testimony before Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council hearing on proposed Northern Tier Company oil pipeline, Olympia, WA, March 1981

Inhibitory Effects of Dicarboxylic Acids on Isocitric Dehydrogenase Activity in Liver Tissue of
English Sole (Parophrys vetulus), poster presentation at American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science (AAAS) National Conference, San Francisco, CA, January 1980.

Inhibitory Effects of Dicarboxylic Acids on Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity in Liver Tissue of English Sole (Parophrys vetulus), poster presentation at NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Methods and Principles of Biological Energy Transduction,” Spetsai, Greece, August 1978

Inhibitory Effects of Dicarboxylic Acids on Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity in Liver Tissue of English Sole (Parophrys vetulus), platform presentation at AAAS Pacific Division Annual Meet-ing, Seattle, WA, June 1978

Analysis of Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) Enzymes by Starch Gel Electrophoresis, platform presentation at Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Pacific Northwest Division Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, October 1976

EMPLOYMENT
See also University of British Columbia, University of Washington, and Northwest University, above.

Senior Ecologist, King County Water & Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA (1993-2007)
Planned and managed surface water quality monitoring projects in King County watersheds.  Collaborated with government agencies, Native-American Tribes, and nonprofit organizations to conduct ecological assessment of salmon habitat problems in Snohomish River Basin and to identify and prioritize habitat protection and restoration actions.  Represented King County on interagency Technical Committee that developed salmon conservation plan. for the basin.  Led interdisciplinary teams of King County scientists in planning and implementing field research projects to inventory aquatic habitat conditions in Snoqualmie Watershed.  Led planning of two ecology conferences at King County.  Managed lake restoration and stream habitat enhancement projects including research, permitting, and implementation.  Chaired interagency and citizen committees for these projects.  Developed and administered project budgets, wrote successful grant proposals, hired consultants, and managed consultant contracts.  Partnered with a lake community near Seattle to form the first lake management district in King County (property owners voted to tax themselves to raise money for lake protection activities).  Wrote technical reports, conducted public meetings, organized watershed stewardship activities, and delivered presentations on aquatic ecology to technical and general audiences.

Environmental Scientist, Washington State Department of Ecology, Bellevue, WA (1988-1993)
Project manager of action programs for two urban bays (Sinclair and Dyes Inlets) in Puget Sound.  Led interagency, interdisciplinary teams of scientists in collecting and analyzing data on water quality, sediment chemistry, aquatic biota, and pollution sources in the bays; prioritizing problem areas for action; and developing action plan including source control, contaminated sediment remediation, fish habitat protection, monitoring, and educational actions.  Coordinated meetings with initially recalcitrant public officials and obtained formal adoption of Sinclair and Dyes Inlets Action Plan, culminating in a press conference.  Collaborated with local, tribal, state, and federal agencies in action plan implementation.  Supervised assistant and provided oversight to consultant work.  Formed a Citizens Action Committee that continues their activities.  Conducted public meetings, prepared press conferences, wrote technical reports, and delivered aquatic ecology presentations to elected officials, schools, and community groups.

Environmental Scientist, City of Seattle, Seattle, WA (1985-1988)
Coordinated Lake Union Water Quality Management Program.  Conducted field research on Lake Union water quality, sediment chemistry, and aquatic biota.  Led interagency and citizen advisory committees in developing Lake Union Action Plan to improve water quality and clean up contaminated sites.  Conducted public meetings on action plan.  Reviewed consultant proposals, negotiated consultant contracts, and provided oversight to consultant work.  Wrote successful grant proposals and managed project budgets.  Wrote reports for technical and general readers.  Delivered presentations at professional conferences and to citizens and the mass media.

Senior Research Fellow, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (1983-1985)
Conducted original research on toxic effects of N-nitroso compounds on fish embryos.  Presented research findings to colleagues.

Fish Biologist, Washington State Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA (1981-1983)
Coordinated Department of Fisheries (WDF) response for hearings on proposed Northern Tier and Trans-Mountain oil pipelines.  Evaluated, wrote, and delivered testimony about pipeline oil spill and pipeline construction impacts on Puget Sound fisheries.  Wrote technical reports and suc-cessful grant applications.  Provided fish biology expertise to WDF lawyers and to other agencies involved in pipeline cases.  Reviewed pipeline company permit applications and environmental impact statements.

Consultant, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. (1980)
Participated on nationwide team of scientists that investigated impacts of U.S. agricultural trends on fish and wildlife habitat.  Provided fish biology expertise in researching, writing, and editing sections of federal policy report.

Librarian, Harvard University Medical Library, Boston, MA (1970-1972)
Conducted computerized literature searches for health professionals and scientists, using the Med-ical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) and Medical Literature On-line (MEDLINE) databases.  Trained colleagues throughout the New England region in the use of these databases.

Librarian, Brandeis University Science Library, Waltham, MA (1968-1970)
Conducted literature searches for science faculty, staff, and students.

PROFESSIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE

M.S. Thesis Committee Member
Reviewed M.S. theses of two environmental science graduate students at Antioch University (2006-2007) and one environmental science graduate student at The Evergreen State College (1991).

Science Fair and Poster Judge
Evaluated undergraduate student posters at Sigma Xi Conference, Seattle, WA (November 2005).  Evaluated and graded student projects at middle school science fair (April 2000). 

Journal Article Review (2003-present)
Review journal articles submitted for publication to “Environmental Management”and“Journal of the American Water Resources Association.”

Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering

Invited to participate on Editorial Advisory Board (2003) and to write limnology article (1997).

American Water Resources Association (AWRA) (1997-present)
Washington Section President, Vice-President, Secretary, at-large Board member, and Conference  Committee Chair.  Planned and coordinated two National AWRA and seven Washington Section conferences.

Teacher Training/Science Outreach Project, Seattle Public Schools and UW (1996)
Participated in training grade school teachers in a hands-on, inquiry-based approach to teaching science.

Conference Moderator (1993-present)
Chaired sessions and introduced speakers at two King County Water and Land Resources Division ecology conferences (2002-2003), four AWRA conferences (1998, 1999, 2002, and 2005), and one North American Lake Management Society conference (1993).

Association for Women in Science (AWIS - “dedicated to the achievement of equity and full participation of women in all areas of science and technology”)
Co-founder of Seattle chapter (1984-1985) and have served in multiple roles on local and/or national Board every year.  Chapter President (1987-1989), Vice-President (1986-1987, 2000-2001), and Board member (1985-1994, 1997-present).  Founder and chair of chapter scholarship program for undergraduate women (13 years).  National Board member: Councilor (AWIS policy development) (1995-1996, re-elected for 2006-2008), Chapter Relations Committee Chair (1995-1997), and Nominations Committee Chair (2000-2001).  Mentor graduate and undergraduate women (1985-present).  Mentor and lead annual field trips for high school and middle school girls to salmon spawning and habitat restoration sites (2001-present).  Collaborated with several other professional women’s organizations to plan career development conferences for women in science, technology, engineering, and math fields (1986-1988, 1997, and 2004).

Other Professional Organization Memberships (1985-present)

Sigma Xi (honorary research organization), Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Letters of Recommendation (1984-present)
Wrote letters of recommendation in support of many students’ applications for graduate school, professional school, and scholarships, and many colleagues’ applications for jobs and awards

Servas - international peace and home hospitality organization for travelers ( 1969-present)
Hosted U.S. and foreign travelers from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia.  Host coordinator for Boston area (1969-1972).

Big Sisters Association (1969-1972, 1975-1981)
Big sister and mentor to two girls.

PUBLICATIONS

Solomon, F. (2007).  “New Environmental Course at UBC for Mining Engineering.”  Canadian Institute of Mining (CIM) Magazine, November 2007, p. 15.

Solomon, F. (2007).  “Water Quality Near Agricultural Land in the Snoqualmie Watershed, King County, Washington.”  Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on The Future of Agriculture: Science, Stewardship, and Sustainability, Sacramento, CA, August 7-9.

Solomon, F. (2006).  “Principles of Limnology” (invited article).  Encyclopedia of Environment-
al Science and Engineering, 5th edition (also appeared in 4th edition in 1998).  Gordon and
Breach Publishers, Philadelphia, PA.

Solomon, F. (2006).  Years 2004-2005 Report for the City of Mercer Island – Water Quality Monitoring in Five Drainage Basins:  No. 6, No. 10, No. 26, No. 32, and No. 42.   Prepared for the City of Mercer Island by King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. (2005).  Year 2003 Annual Report for the City of Mercer Island – Water Quality Monitoring in Five Drainage Basins:  No. 6, No. 10, No. 26, No. 32, and No. 42.   Prepared for the City of Mercer Island by King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. (2005).  Water Quality near the Snoqualmie Watershed Agricultural Production District.  Prepared for the Agricultural Lands Program, King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. (2005). Water Resources and Teaching Environmental Science in China.  American Water Resources Association Washington Section Newsletter, March-April, pp.2-3.

Solomon, F. and M. Boles (2004).  Snoqualmie Watershed Stream Habitat Reconnaissance Report.  King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA.

Snohomish Basin Salmonid Recovery Technical Committee (2004).  Ecological Analysis for Salmonid Conservation.Snohomish CountyDepartment of Public Works, Surface Water Management Division, Everett, WA.

Solomon, F. and M. Boles (2002).  Snoqualmie Watershed Aquatic Habitat Conditions Report:
Summary of 1999-2001 Data.  King County Water and Land Resources Division, Seattle, WA.

Snohomish Basin Salmonid Recovery Technical Committee (2002).  Snohomish River Basin
Salmonid Habitat Conditions Review.  Snohomish CountyDepartment of Public Works, Surface
Water Management Division, Everett, WA.

Solomon, F. (June 1997).  Autobiographical Profile (invited contribution) for "Women in Science
and Technology Month."  Women in Technology International Website.  
http://www.witi.org/center/witimuseum/womeninsciencet/1997/060797.shtml.

Solomon, F., J. Brogan, A. Carlson, and M. Tseng (1997).  Swamp Creek Action Plan.  King
County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F., S. Walton, K. Easthouse, D. Bouchard, and P. Noppe (1996).  Cottage Lake
Management Plan.  King County Surface Water Management Division, Seattle, WA.

Washington State Urban Bay Action Team Coordinators (1991).  “A Successful Approach to
Point and Nonpoint Water Pollution Control: The Urban Bay Action Program.”  Proceedings –
Puget Sound Research ’91,Volume 2, p. 766.

Solomon, F. and C. Pendle (1989).  “The Oil Industry and its Impacts,” In: Strickland, R. and D.
Chasan, Coastal Washington – A Synthesis of Information.Washington Sea Grant Program,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F., W. Trial, T. Kakida, and A. Bailey (1988).  "Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contamina-
tion of Crayfish and Finfish in Lake Union."  Proceedings - First Annual Meeting on Puget
Sound Research, Volume 2, pp. 608-618.

Solomon, F. (1988).  Investigation of Feasibility of Capping as a Corrective Action for
Contaminated Sediments in Lake Union and the Ship Canal.  City of Seattle Office for Long-
Range Planning (OLP), Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. and C. Marks (1988).  Lake Union and Ship Canal Water Quality Management
Program Interim Action Plan.  City of Seattle OLP, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. and E. Faustman (1987).  “Developmental Toxicity of Four Model Alkylating
Agents on Japanese Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes) Embryos.”  Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry, Volume 6, pp. 747-753.

Solomon, F. (1987).  Lake Union/Ship Canal/Shilshole Bay Water Quality Management
Program Data Summary Report Addendum.  City of Seattle OLP, Seattle,WA.

Solomon, F. (1986).  Lake Union and Ship Canal Water Quality Management Program Data
Summary Report.  City of Seattle Land Use & Transportation Project, Seattle, WA.

Marks, C. and F. Solomon (1986).  Lake Union and Ship Canal Water Quality Management
Program Background Report.  City of Seattle Land Use & Transportation Project,  Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. and M. Mills (1983).  Location, Harvest, and Economic Values of Salmon,
Baitfish, Groundfish, and Shellfish Resources, Summarized from the WDF-Sponsored
Testimony in the Northern Tier Pipeline Case (Proposed Cross-Sound Route) with Updated
Figures for 1979 and 1980. Technical Report No. 76, Washington Department of Fisheries,
Olympia, WA.

Mills, M., F. Solomon, and W. Shaul (1983).  Salmon, Marine Fish, and Shellfish Resources,
and Associated Fisheries in Washington’s Coastal and Inland Marine Waters.Technical
Report No. 79, Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Solomon, F. and M. Mills (1982).  Potential Impacts of Oil Spills on Fisheries Resources
Under Department of Fisheries Jurisdiction, Summarized from WDF-Sponsored Testimony
on the Proposed Cross-Sound Northern Tier Pipeline.  Progress Report No. 168, Washington
Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Committee on Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Trends on Fish and Wildlife Habitat (1982). 
Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Trends on Fish and Wildlife Habitat.  National Research
Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Solomon, F (1980).  Inhibitory Effects of Dicarboxylic Acids on Succinic Dehydrogenase
Activity and Isocitric Dehydrogenase Activity in Some Flatfish Species.  Ph.D. Dissertation,
College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Solomon, F. (1974).  Incidence and Causes of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in the Seattle
Area.  M.S. Thesis, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

HONORS AND AWARDS

Nominated in fall 2007 for Seattle Girls School “Grace Hopper Exemplary Leadership Award”  for outstanding contributions to mentoring and expanding opportunities for women and girls in science.    

Association for Women in Science Fellow Award, for “significant contributions to the mission of AWIS by promoting women in science through scholarship, leadership, education, mentoring, advocacy, or service,” National AWIS (2005)

Service to the Public Award, Washington State Department of Ecology (1991)

Program Manager’s Award, Washington State Department of Ecology (1990)

Best Speaker of the Year Award, local Toastmasters Club (1988)

Research Grants, University of Washington Marine/Freshwater Biomedical Center (1983-1985)

Scholarships, University of Washington College of Fisheries (1978-1979)

Travel Grant, to attend NATO Advanced Study Institute "Methods and Principles of Biological Energy Transduction" (Spetsai, Greece), NATO and University of Washington (1978)

Award for outstanding graduate student paper presentation at American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division Conference (1978)

Judith G. Pool Memorial Fellowship, Association for Women in Science (1977)

Environmental Conservation Fellowship, National Wildlife Federation (1975-1976)

Fellowship, U.S. Public Health Service (1972-1974)

OTHER INTERESTS

• independent international travel – 31 foreign countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania
• fluent in French and conversant in Spanish and Italian
• outdoor activities – bicycling, hiking, backpacking, swimming, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; completed two Danskin triathlons (2003 and 2005)
• mentoring students and other environmental scientists
• reading, theatre, and music